GPU Silicon Database: Transistors, Die Size and Process Node
Every card we benchmark, with the chip underneath it. Transistor count, die area, the process it was built on and who built it, oldest to newest. Density is what a node shrink actually buys you.
Densest silicon here: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 at 125.4M transistors per mm². Largest transistor budget: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5090 at 92,200 million.
| GPU | Architecture | Die | Process | Fab | Transistors | Area | Density | Launched |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 AMD Radeon RX 6400 | RDNA 2 (Navi 24) | Navi 24 | 6 nm | TSMC | 5,400M | 107 mm² | 50.5 | Jan 19, 2022 $159 USD |
 AMD Radeon RX 6500 XT | RDNA 2 (Navi 24) | Navi 24 | 6 nm | TSMC | 5,400M | 107 mm² | 50.5 | Jan 19, 2022 $199 USD (4GB) $219 USD (8G |
| AMD Radeon RX 6600 | RDNA 2 (Navi 23) | Navi 23 | 7 nm | TSMC | 11,060M | 237 mm² | 46.7 | Oct 13, 2021 $329 USD |
| AMD Radeon RX 6600 XT | RDNA 2 (Navi 23) | Navi 23 | 7 nm | TSMC | 11,060M | 237 mm² | 46.7 | Aug 11, 2021 $379 USD |
| AMD Radeon RX 6650 XT | RDNA 2 (Navi 23) | Navi 23 | 7 nm | TSMC | 11,060M | 237 mm² | 46.7 | May 10, 2022 $399 USD |
 AMD Radeon RX 6700 XT | RDNA 2 (Navi 22) | Navi 22 | 7 nm | TSMC | 17,200M | n/a | n/a | Mar 18, 2021 $479 USD |
| AMD Radeon RX 6750 XT | RDNA 2 (Navi 22) | Navi 22 | 7 nm | TSMC | 17,200M | n/a | n/a | May 10, 2022 $549 USD |
 AMD Radeon RX 6800 | RDNA 2 (Navi 21) | Navi 21 | 7 nm | TSMC | 26,800M | n/a | n/a | Nov 18, 2020 $579 USD |
| AMD Radeon RX 6800 XT | RDNA 2 (Navi 21) | Navi 21 | 7 nm | TSMC | 26,800M | n/a | n/a | Nov 18, 2020 $649 USD |
 AMD Radeon RX 6900 XT | RDNA 2 (Navi 21) | Navi 21 | 7 nm | TSMC | 26,800M | n/a | n/a | Dec 8, 2020 $999 USD |
| AMD Radeon RX 6950 XT | RDNA 2 | Navi 21 | 7 nm | TSMC | 26,800M | n/a | n/a | May 10, 2022 $1,099 USD |
 AMD Radeon RX 7600 | RDNA 3 (Navi 33) | Navi 33 | 6 nm | TSMC | 13,300M | 204 mm² | 65.2 | May 25, 2023 $269 USD |
 AMD Radeon RX 7600 XT | RDNA 3 | Navi 33 | 6 nm | TSMC | 13,300M | 204 mm² | 65.2 | Jan 24, 2024 $329 USD |
 AMD Radeon RX 7700 XT | RDNA 3 (Navi 32) | Navi 32 | 5 nm | TSMC | 28,100M | n/a | n/a | Sep 6, 2023 $449 USD |
 AMD Radeon RX 7800 XT | RDNA 3 (Navi 32) | Navi 32 | 5 nm | TSMC | 28,100M | n/a | n/a | Sep 6, 2023 $499 USD |
 AMD Radeon RX 7900 GRE | RDNA 3 (Navi 31) | Navi 31 | 5 nm | TSMC | 57,700M | n/a | n/a | Jul 27, 2023 China only, Feb 27, 2024 $5 |
| AMD Radeon RX 7900 XT | RDNA 3 (Navi 31) | Navi 31 | 5 nm | TSMC | 57,700M | n/a | n/a | Dec 13, 2022 $899 USD |
 AMD Radeon RX 7900 XTX | RDNA 3 (Navi 31) | Navi 31 | 5 nm | TSMC | 57,700M | n/a | n/a | Dec 13, 2022 $999 USD |
| AMD Radeon RX 9060 | RDNA 4 (Navi 44) | Navi 44 | n/a | TSMC | 29,700M | n/a | n/a | Aug 5, 2025 OEM |
| AMD Radeon RX 9060 XT | RDNA 4 (Navi 44) | Navi 44 | n/a | TSMC | 29,700M | n/a | n/a | Jun 5, 2025 $299 USD (8 GB) $349 USD (16 |
| AMD Radeon RX 9070 | RDNA 4 (Navi 48) | Navi 48 | n/a | TSMC | 53,900M | n/a | n/a | Mar 6, 2025 $549 USD |
| AMD Radeon RX 9070 GRE | RDNA 4 (Navi 48) | Navi 48 | n/a | TSMC | 53,900M | n/a | n/a | May, 2025 ¥4119 RMB |
| AMD Radeon RX 9070 XT | RDNA 4 (Navi 48) | Navi 48 | n/a | TSMC | 53,900M | n/a | n/a | Mar 6, 2025 $599 USD |
 NVIDIA GeForce GTX 780 Ti | Kepler (GK110) | GK110-425-B1 | n/a | TSMC | 7,080M | 561 mm² | 12.6 | November 7, 2013 |
 NVIDIA GeForce GTX 980 | Maxwell (GM204) | GM204-400-A1 | n/a | TSMC | 5,200M | 398 mm² | 13.1 | September 18, 2014 |
 NVIDIA GeForce GTX 970 | Maxwell (GM204) | GM204-200-A1 | n/a | TSMC | 5,200M | 398 mm² | 13.1 | September 19, 2014 |
 NVIDIA GeForce GTX 980 Ti | Maxwell (GM200) | GM200-310-A1 | n/a | TSMC | 8,000M | 601 mm² | 13.3 | June 2, 2015 |
 NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 | Pascal (GP104) | GP104-400-A1 | 16 nm | TSMC | 7,200M | 314 mm² | 22.9 | May 27, 2016 |
 NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1070 | Pascal | GP104-200-A1 | 16 nm | TSMC | 7,200M | 314 mm² | 22.9 | June 10, 2016 |
 NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 6GB | Pascal | GP106 | 16 nm | TSMC | 4,400M | 200 mm² | 22 | August 16, 2016 |
 GeForce GTX 1050 Ti | Pascal | GP107-400-A1 | 14 nm | Samsung | 3,300M | 132 mm² | 25 | October 25, 2016 |
 GeForce GTX 1080 Ti | Pascal | GP102-350-K1-A1 | n/a | TSMC | 11,800M | 471 mm² | 25.1 | March 5, 2017 |
 NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1070 Ti | Pascal | GP104-300-A1 | n/a | TSMC | 7,200M | 314 mm² | 22.9 | November 2, 2017 |
 NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2080 (Mobile) | Turing (TU104) | TU104-400A-A1 | n/a | TSMC | 13,600M | 545 mm² | 25 | September 20, 2018 |
| NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2080 Founders Edition | Turing | TU104-400A-A1 | n/a | TSMC | 13,600M | 545 mm² | 25 | September 20, 2018 |
 NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2080 Ti Founders Edition | Turing | TU102-300A-K1-A1 | n/a | TSMC | 18,600M | 754 mm² | 24.7 | September 20, 2018 |
 NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2070 | Turing (TU106) | TU106-400A-A1 | n/a | TSMC | 10,800M | 445 mm² | 24.3 | October 17, 2018 |
| NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2070 (Mobile) | Turing (TU106) | TU106-400A-A1 | n/a | TSMC | 10,800M | 445 mm² | 24.3 | October 17, 2018 |
 NVIDIA Titan RTX | Turing (TU102) | TU102-400-A1 | n/a | TSMC | 18,600M | 754 mm² | 24.7 | December 18, 2018 |
 NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2060 | Turing (TU106) | TU106-200A-KA-A1 | n/a | TSMC | 10,800M | 445 mm² | 24.3 | January 7, 2019 |
| NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2060 (Mobile) | Turing (TU106) | TU106-200A-KA-A1 | n/a | TSMC | 10,800M | 445 mm² | 24.3 | January 7, 2019 |
 NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1660 Ti | Turing (TU116) | TU116-400-A1 | n/a | TSMC | 6,600M | 284 mm² | 23.2 | February 21, 2019 |
| NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1660 Ti (Mobile) | Turing (TU116) | TU116-400-A1 | n/a | TSMC | 6,600M | 284 mm² | 23.2 | February 21, 2019 |
| NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1660 | Turing (TU116) | TU116-300-A1 | n/a | TSMC | 6,600M | 284 mm² | 23.2 | March 14, 2019 |
 NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1650 | Turing (TU117) | TU117-300-A1 | n/a | TSMC | 4,700M | 200 mm² | 23.5 | April 23, 2019 |
| NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1650 (Mobile) | Turing (TU117) | TU117-300-A1 | n/a | TSMC | 4,700M | 200 mm² | 23.5 | April 23, 2019 |
 NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2060 Super | Turing (TU104/TU106 family) | TU106-410-A1 | n/a | TSMC | 10,800M | 445 mm² | 24.3 | July 9, 2019 |
 NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2070 SUPER | Turing | TU104-410-A1 | n/a | TSMC | 13,600M | 545 mm² | 25 | July 9, 2019 |
 NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2080 Super | Turing (TU104) | TU104-450-A1 | n/a | TSMC | 13,600M | 545 mm² | 25 | July 23, 2019 |
 NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1660 Super | Turing (TU116) | TU116-300-A1 | n/a | TSMC | 6,600M | 284 mm² | 23.2 | October 29, 2019 |
 NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1650 Super | Turing (TU116) | TU116-250-KA-A1 | n/a | TSMC | 6,600M | 284 mm² | 23.2 | November 22, 2019 |
| NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1650 Ti (Mobile) | Turing (TU117) | TU117 | n/a | TSMC | 4,700M | 200 mm² | 23.5 | April 2, 2020 |
 NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3080 | Ampere (GA102) | GA102-200-KD-A1 | n/a | Samsung | 28,300M | 628.4 mm² | 45 | September 17, 2020 |
| NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3080 (Laptop) | Ampere | GA102-200-KD-A1 | n/a | Samsung | 28,300M | 628.4 mm² | 45 | September 17, 2020 |
 NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090 | Ampere (GA102) | GA102-300-A1 | n/a | Samsung | 28,300M | 628.4 mm² | 45 | September 24, 2020 |
 NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3070 (Laptop) | Ampere (GA104-based mobile variant) | GA104-300-A1 | n/a | Samsung | 17,400M | 392.5 mm² | 44.3 | October 29, 2020 |
| NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3070 Founders Edition | Ampere (GA104) | GA104-300-A1 | n/a | Samsung | 17,400M | 392.5 mm² | 44.3 | October 29, 2020 |
 NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3060 Ti | Ampere (GA104) | GA104-200-A1 | n/a | Samsung | 17,400M | 392.5 mm² | 44.3 | December 2, 2020 |
 NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3060 | Ampere (GA106) | GA106-400-A1 | n/a | Samsung | 12,000M | 276 mm² | 43.5 | February 25, 2021 |
| AMD Radeon RX 6600M | RDNA 2 (Navi 23) | Navi 23 | 7 nm | TSMC | 11,060M | 237 mm² | 46.7 | May 31, 2021 |
| AMD Radeon RX 6700M | RDNA 2 (Navi 22) | Navi 22 | 7 nm | TSMC | 17,200M | n/a | n/a | May 31, 2021 |
| AMD Radeon RX 6800M | RDNA 2 (Navi 22) | Navi 22 | 7 nm | TSMC | 17,200M | n/a | n/a | May 31, 2021 |
 NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3080 Ti | Ampere (GA102) | GA102-225-A1 | n/a | Samsung | 28,300M | 628.4 mm² | 45 | June 3, 2021 |
| NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3080 Ti (Laptop) | Ampere | GA102-225-A1 | n/a | Samsung | 28,300M | 628.4 mm² | 45 | June 3, 2021 |
| AMD Radeon RX 6700 | RDNA 2 | Navi 22 | 7 nm | TSMC | 17,200M | n/a | n/a | Jun 9, 2021 |
 NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3070 Ti | Ampere (GA104) | GA104-400-A1 | n/a | Samsung | 17,400M | 392.5 mm² | 44.3 | June 10, 2021 |
| NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3070 Ti (Laptop) | Ampere | GA104-400-A1 | n/a | Samsung | 17,400M | 392.5 mm² | 44.3 | June 10, 2021 |
 NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3050 | Ampere (GA106) | GA106-150-KA-A1 | n/a | Samsung | 12,000M | 276 mm² | 43.5 | January 4, 2022 |
| NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3050 (Laptop) | Ampere (GA107) | GA106-150-KA-A1 | n/a | Samsung | 12,000M | 276 mm² | 43.5 | January 4, 2022 |
| NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3080 12GB | Ampere (GA102) | GA102-220-A1 | n/a | Samsung | 28,300M | 628.4 mm² | 45 | January 11, 2022 |
 NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090 Ti | Ampere (GA102) | GA102-350-A1 | n/a | Samsung | 28,300M | 628.4 mm² | 45 | March 29, 2022 |
 NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 | Ada Lovelace | AD102-300-A1 | 4 nm | TSMC | 76,300M | 608.5 mm² | 125.4 | October 12, 2022 |
 NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4080 | Ada Lovelace (AD103) | AD103-300-A1 | 4 nm | TSMC | 45,900M | 378.6 mm² | 121.2 | November 16, 2022 |
| AMD Radeon RX 7600M XT | RDNA 3 (Navi 33) | Navi 33 | 6 nm | TSMC | 13,300M | 204 mm² | 65.2 | Jan 4, 2023 |
| AMD Radeon RX 7700S | RDNA 3 (Navi 33) | Navi 33 | 6 nm | TSMC | 13,300M | 204 mm² | 65.2 | Jan 4, 2023 |
| NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4070 Ti | Ada Lovelace (AD104) | AD104-400-A1 | 4 nm | TSMC | 35,800M | 294.5 mm² | 121.6 | January 5, 2023 |
 NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4070 | Ada Lovelace | AD104-250-A1 | 4 nm | TSMC | 35,800M | 294.5 mm² | 121.6 | April 13, 2023 |
 GeForce RTX 4060 | Ada Lovelace | AD107-400-A1 | 4 nm | TSMC | 18,900M | 158.7 mm² | 119.1 | June 29, 2023 |
 NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti | Ada Lovelace | AD106-351-A1 | 4 nm | TSMC | 22,900M | 187.8 mm² | 121.9 | July 18, 2023 |
| AMD Radeon RX 7900M | RDNA 3 (Navi 31) | Navi 31 | 5 nm | TSMC | 57,700M | n/a | n/a | Oct 19, 2023 |
 NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4070 Super | Ada Lovelace | AD104-350-A1 | 4 nm | TSMC | 35,800M | 294.5 mm² | 121.6 | January 17, 2024 |
| NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4070 Ti Super | Ada Lovelace (AD103) | AD103-275-A1 | 4 nm | TSMC | 45,900M | 378.6 mm² | 121.2 | January 24, 2024 |
 GeForce RTX 4080 Super | Ada Lovelace | AD103-400-A1 | 4 nm | TSMC | 45,900M | 378.6 mm² | 121.2 | January 31, 2024 |
 GeForce RTX 5080 | Blackwell (GB203) | GB203-400-A1 | 4 nm | TSMC | 45,600M | 378 mm² | 120.6 | January 30, 2025 |
| NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5080 (Laptop) | Blackwell (GB203) | GB203-400-A1 | 4 nm | TSMC | 45,600M | 378 mm² | 120.6 | January 30, 2025 |
 NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5090 | Blackwell (GB202) | GB202-300 | 4 nm | TSMC | 92,200M | 750 mm² | 122.9 | January 30, 2025 |
| NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5090 (Laptop) | Blackwell (GB203) | GB202-300 | 4 nm | TSMC | 92,200M | 750 mm² | 122.9 | January 30, 2025 |
 GeForce RTX 5070 Ti | Blackwell | GB203-300-A1 | 4 nm | TSMC | 45,600M | 378 mm² | 120.6 | February 20, 2025 |
| NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5070 Ti (Laptop) | Blackwell (GB205) | GB203-300-A1 | 4 nm | TSMC | 45,600M | 378 mm² | 120.6 | February 20, 2025 |
 GeForce RTX 5070 | Blackwell | GB205-300-A1 | 4 nm | TSMC | 31,100M | 263 mm² | 118.3 | March 4, 2025 |
| NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5070 (Laptop) | Blackwell (GB206) | GB205-300-A1 | 4 nm | TSMC | 31,100M | 263 mm² | 118.3 | March 4, 2025 |
 GeForce RTX 5060 Ti | Blackwell (GB206) | GB206-300-A1 | 4 nm | TSMC | 21,900M | 181 mm² | 121 | April 16, 2025 |
 NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5060 | Blackwell | GB206-250-A1 | 4 nm | TSMC | 21,900M | 181 mm² | 121 | May 19, 2025 |
| NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5060 (Laptop) | Blackwell (GB206) | GB206-250-A1 | 4 nm | TSMC | 21,900M | 181 mm² | 121 | May 19, 2025 |
 NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5050 | Blackwell | GB207-300-A1 | 4 nm | TSMC | 16,900M | 149 mm² | 113.4 | July 1, 2025 |
| NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5050 (Laptop) | Blackwell (GB207) | GB207-300-A1 | 4 nm | TSMC | 16,900M | 149 mm² | 113.4 | July 1, 2025 |
How to read this
Transistor count tells you how much logic the designers could afford. Die size tells you what the chip costs to make, because wafers are priced by area and defect rates scale with it. Density, the two divided, is the clearest measure of what a process node delivered. A card that gained density without gaining area got its performance from the fab rather than the architecture.
Silicon specifications from Wikipedia, available under CC BY-SA 4.0. Benchmark results on the linked pages are our own.